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Artificial intelligence in Cancer imaging and diagnosis

Diagnostic laboratories are in the midst of a transformation and are somewhat at cross-roads. In the face of decreasing revenues and increasing workloads, there is a rise in demand to increase throughput and efficiency while maintaining or improving quality, particularly in clinical diagnostics.  In addition, today’s complex mix of therapies offered to a varied demographic and the shift toward precision medicine implies that oncologists and pathologists must work in concert to target the right patient for the right therapy at the right time. 

New tools and technologies such as computational and digital pathology, molecular diagnostics and artificial intelligence (AI) are making their way into advanced clinical diagnostics, providing some unique opportunities to incorporate these tools into the evolving health care landscape.  Herein we present a cross journal series with articles that would give the viewer a perspective of the current trends and future prospects of AI primarily in clinical diagnostics.   

Articles will undergo the journal’s standard peer-review process and are subject to all the journal’s standard policies. Articles will be added to the Collection as they are published. The Editors have no competing interests with the submissions which are handled through the peer-review process. The peer-review of any submissions for which the Editors have competing interests is handled by another Editorial Board Member who has no competing interests.

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  1. Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes around 10% of global cancer diagnoses and death due to cancer. Treatment involves the surgical resection of the tumor and regional lymph nodes. Assessment of multiple lymph ...

    Authors: Talat Zehra, Sarosh Moeen, Mahin Shams, Muhammad Raza, Amna Khurshid, Asad Jafri and Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2024 19:125
  2. We aimed to develop and externally validate a CT-based deep learning radiomics model for predicting overall survival (OS) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients, and investigate the association of...

    Authors: Ji Wu, Jian Li, Bo Huang, Sunbin Dong, Luyang Wu, Xiping Shen and Zhigang Zheng
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:124
  3. To explore the effects of tube voltage, radiation dose and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR-V) strength level on the detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules by an artificial inte...

    Authors: Yue Yao, Xuan Su, Lei Deng, JingBin Zhang, Zengmiao Xu, Jianying Li and Xiaohui Li
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:123
  4. To evaluate and compare the diagnostic power of [18F]FLT-PET with ceMRI in patients with brain tumours or other focal lesions.

    Authors: Tomáš Rohan, Petr Hložanka, Marek Dostál, Tereza Kopřivová, Tomáš Macek, Václav Vybíhal, Hiroko Jeannette Martin, Andrea Šprláková-Puková and Miloš Keřkovský
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:110
  5. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as transformative tools in the field of radiation oncology, significantly advancing the precision of contouring practices. However, the adaptability of these a...

    Authors: Julius C. Holzschuh, Michael Mix, Martin T. Freitag, Tobias Hölscher, Anja Braune, Jörg Kotzerke, Alexis Vrachimis, Paul Doolan, Harun Ilhan, Ioana M. Marinescu, Simon K. B. Spohn, Tobias Fechter, Dejan Kuhn, Christian Gratzke, Radu Grosu, Anca-Ligia Grosu…
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:106
  6. To develop and validate a radiomics nomogram combining radiomics features and clinical factors for preoperative evaluation of Ki-67 expression status and prognostic prediction in clear cell renal cell carcinom...

    Authors: Ben Li, Jie Zhu, Yanmei Wang, Yuchao Xu, Zhaisong Gao, Hailei Shi, Pei Nie, Ju Zhang, Yuan Zhuang, Zhenguang Wang and Guangjie Yang
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:103
  7. The purpose of this study was to improve the deep learning (DL) model performance in predicting and classifying IMRT gamma passing rate (GPR) by using input features related to machine parameters and a class b...

    Authors: Wei Song, Wen Shang, Chunying Li, Xinyu Bian, Hong Lu, Jun Ma and Dahai Yu
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:98
  8. Survival prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) often influences physicians’ choice of their follow-up treatment. This study aimed to develop a positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomics model ...

    Authors: Huaiqing Zhi, Yilan Xiang, Chenbin Chen, Weiteng Zhang, Jie Lin, Zekan Gao, Qingzheng Shen, Jiancan Shao, Xinxin Yang, Yunjun Yang, Xiaodong Chen, Jingwei Zheng, Mingdong Lu, Bujian Pan, Qiantong Dong, Xian Shen…
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:99
  9. In this work, we compare input level, feature level and decision level data fusion techniques for automatic detection of clinically significant prostate lesions (csPCa).

    Authors: Deepa Darshini Gunashekar, Lars Bielak, Benedict Oerther, Matthias Benndorf, Andrea Nedelcu, Samantha Hickey, Constantinos Zamboglou, Anca-Ligia Grosu and Michael Bock
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:96
  10. Complete response prediction in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients is generally focused on the radiomics analysis of staging MRI. Until now, omics information extracted from gut microbiota and circ...

    Authors: Luca Boldrini, Giuditta Chiloiro, Silvia Di Franco, Angela Romano, Lana Smiljanic, Elena Huong Tran, Francesco Bono, Diepriye Charles Davies, Loris Lopetuso, Maria De Bonis, Angelo Minucci, Luciano Giacò, Davide Cusumano, Lorenzo Placidi, Diana Giannarelli, Evis Sala…
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:94
  11. To investigate the feasibility of synthesizing computed tomography (CT) images from magnetic resonance (MR) images in multi-center datasets using generative adversarial networks (GANs) for rectal cancer MR-onl...

    Authors: Xianan Li, Lecheng Jia, Fengyu Lin, Fan Chai, Tao Liu, Wei Zhang, Ziquan Wei, Weiqi Xiong, Hua Li, Min Zhang and Yi Wang
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:89
  12. Over the past decade, several strategies have revolutionized the clinical management of patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM), including immunotherapy and targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based therapi...

    Authors: Karim Amrane, Coline Le Meur, Philippe Thuillier, Christian Berthou, Arnaud Uguen, Désirée Deandreis, David Bourhis, Vincent Bourbonne and Ronan Abgral
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:87
  13. Various deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) models have been proposed, some of which have been commercialized. However, the issue of performance degradation is notable when pretrained models are deployed in...

    Authors: Jianhao Geng, Xin Sui, Rongxu Du, Jialin Feng, Ruoxi Wang, Meijiao Wang, Kaining Yao, Qi Chen, Lu Bai, Shaobin Wang, Yongheng Li, Hao Wu, Xiangmin Hu and Yi Du
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:87
  14. At present, it has been found that many patients have acquired resistance to radiotherapy, which greatly reduces the effect of radiotherapy and further affects the prognosis. CircRNAs is involved in the regula...

    Authors: Chen Lin, Xianfeng Huang, Yuchen Qian, Jiayi Li, Youdi He and Huafang Su
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:84
  15. Treatment efficacy may differ among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at similar tumor–node–metastasis stages. Moreover, end-of-treatment tumor regression is a reliable indicator of treatment sensit...

    Authors: Zhiru Li, Chao Li, Liyan Li, Dong Yang, Shuangyue Wang, Junmei Song, Muliang Jiang and Min Kang
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:81
  16. This study aims to develop an ensemble machine learning-based (EML-based) risk prediction model for radiation dermatitis (RD) in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing proton radiotherapy, with the goal...

    Authors: Tsair-Fwu Lee, Yen-Hsien Liu, Chu-Ho Chang, Chien-Liang Chiu, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Jen-Chung Shao, Yu-Cheng Yen, Guang-Zhi Lin, Jack Yang, Chin-Dar Tseng, Fu-Min Fang, Pei-Ju Chao and Shen-Hao Lee
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:78
  17. Accurate segmentation of the clinical target volume (CTV) of CBCT images can observe the changes of CTV during patients' radiotherapy, and lay a foundation for the subsequent implementation of adaptive radioth...

    Authors: Ziyi Wang, Nannan Cao, Jiawei Sun, Heng Zhang, Sai Zhang, Jiangyi Ding, Kai Xie, Liugang Gao and Xinye Ni
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:66
  18. The most common route of breast cancer metastasis is through the mammary lymphatic network. An accurate assessment of the axillary lymph node (ALN) burden before surgery can avoid unnecessary axillary surgery,...

    Authors: Ranze Cai, Li Deng, Hua Zhang, Hongwei Zhang and Qian Wu
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:63
  19. Accurate segmentation of gastric tumors from CT scans provides useful image information for guiding the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. However, automated gastric tumor segmentation from 3D CT image...

    Authors: Ning Yuan, Yongtao Zhang, Kuan Lv, Yiyao Liu, Aocai Yang, Pianpian Hu, Hongwei Yu, Xiaowei Han, Xing Guo, Junfeng Li, Tianfu Wang, Baiying Lei and Guolin Ma
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:63
  20. Accurate deformable registration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans containing pathologies is challenging due to changes in tissue appearance. In this paper, we developed a novel automated three-dimensi...

    Authors: Alexander F. I. Osman, Kholoud S. Al-Mugren, Nissren M. Tamam and Bilal Shahine
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:61
  21. The brachytherapy is an indispensable treatment for gynecological tumors, but the quality and efficiency of brachytherapy training for residents is still unclear.

    Authors: Mohan Dong, Changhao Liu, Junfang Yan, Yong Zhu, Yutian Yin, Jia Wang, Ying Zhang, Lichun Wei and Lina Zhao
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:60
  22. EBUS-TBNA has emerged as an important minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of different specimen preparation from aspirates on the...

    Authors: Hansheng Wang, Jiankun Wang, Yan Liu, Yunyun Wang, Yanhui Zhou, Dan Yu, Hui You, Tao Ren, Yijun Tang and Meifang Wang
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2024 19:61
  23. To create radiomics signatures based on habitat to assess the instant response in lung metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

    Authors: Haozhe Huang, Hong Chen, Dezhong Zheng, Chao Chen, Ying Wang, Lichao Xu, Yaohui Wang, Xinhong He, Yuanyuan Yang and Wentao Li
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:44
  24. Oral squamous cell carcinoma in minors is considered to be a distinct entity from OSCC in older patients, with an uncertain etiology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may trigger the initiation and promote...

    Authors: Ningxiang Wu, Yonghui Li, Xiaokun Ma, Zhen Huang, Zhuoxuan Chen, Weihua Chen and Ran Zhang
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2024 19:51
  25. Primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx are rare entities that represent a diagnostic challenge, especially in biopsy samples. Herein, we present a case series of MECs o...

    Authors: Chunyan Hu, Lan Lin, Ming Ye, Yifeng Liu, Qiang Huang, Cuncun Yuan, Ji Sun and Hui Sun
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2024 19:46
  26. Identifying breast cancer (BC) patients with germline breast cancer susceptibility gene (gBRCA) mutation is important. The current criteria for germline testing for BC remain controversial. This study aimed to de...

    Authors: Tingting Deng, Jianwen Liang, Cuiju Yan, Mengqian Ni, Huiling Xiang, Chunyan Li, Jinjing Ou, Qingguang Lin, Lixian Liu, Guoxue Tang, Rongzhen Luo, Xin An, Yi Gao and Xi Lin
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:31
  27. This study aimed to present a deep-learning network called contrastive learning-based cycle generative adversarial networks (CLCGAN) to mitigate streak artifacts and correct the CT value in four-dimensional co...

    Authors: Nannan Cao, Ziyi Wang, Jiangyi Ding, Heng Zhang, Sai Zhang, Liugang Gao, Jiawei Sun, Kai Xie and Xinye Ni
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:20
  28. Classifying and characterizing pulmonary lesions are critical for clinical decision-making process to identify optimal therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a radiomics ...

    Authors: Jiaxuan Zhou, Yu Wen, Ruolin Ding, Jieqiong Liu, Hanzhen Fang, Xinchun Li, Kangyan Zhao and Qi Wan
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:14
  29. This study aimed to investigate the value of clinical, radiomic features extracted from gross tumor volumes (GTVs) delineated on CT images, dose distributions (Dosiomics), and fusion of CT and dose distributio...

    Authors: Zahra Mansouri, Yazdan Salimi, Mehdi Amini, Ghasem Hajianfar, Mehrdad Oveisi, Isaac Shiri and Habib Zaidi
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:12
  30. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a treatment option for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are unfit for surgery. Some patients may experience distant metastasis. This study ...

    Authors: Lu Yu, Zhen Zhang, HeQing Yi, Jin Wang, Junyi Li, Xiaofeng Wang, Hui Bai, Hong Ge, Xiaoli Zheng, Jianjiao Ni, Haoran Qi, Yong Guan, Wengui Xu, Zhengfei Zhu, Ligang Xing, Andre Dekker…
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:10
  31. In solid-predominantly invasive lung adenocarcinoma (SPILAC), occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) is pivotal for determining treatment strategies. This study seeks to develop and validate a fusion model combin...

    Authors: Weiwei Tian, Qinqin Yan, Xinyu Huang, Rui Feng, Fei Shan, Daoying Geng and Zhiyong Zhang
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2024 24:8
  32. Deep learning-based auto-segmentation of head and neck cancer (HNC) tumors is expected to have better reproducibility than manual delineation. Positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) ar...

    Authors: Yiling Wang, Elia Lombardo, Lili Huang, Michele Avanzo, Giuseppe Fanetti, Giovanni Franchin, Sebastian Zschaeck, Julian Weingärtner, Claus Belka, Marco Riboldi, Christopher Kurz and Guillaume Landry
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2024 19:3
  33. NRG1 fusion is a promising therapeutic target for various tumors but its prevalence is extremely low, and there are no standardized testing algorithms for genetic assessment.

    Authors: Xiaomei Zhang, Lin Li, Fuping Gao, Binbin Liu, Jing Li, Shuang Ren, Shuangshuang Peng, Wei Qiu, Xiaohong Pu and Qing Ye
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2024 19:1
  34. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are proposed as a replacement of the first reader in double reading within mammography screening. We aimed to assess cancer detection accuracy of an AI system in a Danish s...

    Authors: Mohammad Talal Elhakim, Sarah Wordenskjold Stougaard, Ole Graumann, Mads Nielsen, Kristina Lång, Oke Gerke, Lisbet Brønsro Larsen and Benjamin Schnack Brandt Rasmussen
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2023 23:127
  35. The study retrospectively analyzed the accuracy and predictive ability of preoperative integrated whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT for the assessment of high-risk factors in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).

    Authors: Ye Yang, Yu-Qin Pan, Min Wang, Song Gu and Wei Bao
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:196
  36. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-to-computed tomography (CT) synthesis studies based on deep learning have significantly progressed, the similarity between synthetic CT (sCT) and real CT (rCT) has onl...

    Authors: Siqi Yuan, Xinyuan Chen, Yuxiang Liu, Ji Zhu, Kuo Men and Jianrong Dai
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:182
  37. Although neural networks have shown remarkable performance in medical image analysis, their translation into clinical practice remains difficult due to their lack of interpretability. An emerging field that ad...

    Authors: Marion Dörrich, Markus Hecht, Rainer Fietkau, Arndt Hartmann, Heinrich Iro, Antoniu-Oreste Gostian, Markus Eckstein and Andreas M. Kist
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2023 18:121
  38. Accurate prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is very important for treatment plan decision in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether ...

    Authors: Xuezhi Zhou, Yi Yu, Yanru Feng, Guojun Ding, Peng Liu, Luying Liu, Wenjie Ren, Yuan Zhu and Wuteng Cao
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:175
  39. This study aims to establish nomograms to accurately predict the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received chemotherapy alone as...

    Authors: Runsheng Chang, Shouliang Qi, Yanan Wu, Yong Yue, Xiaoye Zhang and Wei Qian
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2023 23:101
  40. Accurate delineation of clinical target volume of tumor bed (CTV-TB) is important but it is also challenging due to surgical effects and soft tissue contrast. Recently a few auto-segmentation methods were deve...

    Authors: Xin Xie, Yuchun Song, Feng Ye, Shulian Wang, Hui Yan, Xinming Zhao and Jianrong Dai
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:170
  41. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in cancer care has gained unprecedented global attention over the past few decades. This has impacted the way that cancer care is practiced and delive...

    Authors: Iman Hesso, Reem Kayyali, Debbie-Rose Dolton, Kwanyoung Joo, Lithin Zacharias, Andreas Charalambous, Maria Lavdaniti, Evangelia Stalika, Tarek Ajami, Wanda Acampa, Jasmina Boban and Shereen Nabhani-Gebara
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:167
  42. Manual clinical target volume (CTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation for rectal cancer neoadjuvant radiotherapy is pivotal but labor-intensive. This study aims to propose a deep learning (DL)-based wor...

    Authors: Jianhao Geng, Xianggao Zhu, Zhiyan Liu, Qi Chen, Lu Bai, Shaobin Wang, Yongheng Li, Hao Wu, Haizhen Yue and Yi Du
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:164
  43. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the performance of radiomics and CNN-based classifiers in determining the primary origin of gastrointestinal liver metastases for visually indistinguishable lesions.

    Authors: Hishan Tharmaseelan, Abhinay K. Vellala, Alexander Hertel, Fabian Tollens, Lukas T. Rotkopf, Johann Rink, Piotr Woźnicki, Isabelle Ayx, Sönke Bartling, Dominik Nörenberg, Stefan O. Schoenberg and Matthias F. Froelich
    Citation: Cancer Imaging 2023 23:95
  44. Digital pathology (DP) is being increasingly employed in cancer diagnostics, providing additional tools for faster, higher-quality, accurate diagnosis. The practice of diagnostic pathology has gone through a s...

    Authors: Saba Shafi and Anil V. Parwani
    Citation: Diagnostic Pathology 2023 18:109
  45. To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of radiation-induced sinusitis (RIS), MRI-based scoring system was used to evaluate the development regularity, characteristics ...

    Authors: Wenya Zheng, Tao Yan, Dongjiao Liu, Geng Chen, Yingjuan Wen, Xiuli Rao, Yizhe Wang, Huijuan Zheng, Jiahong Yang and Hua Peng
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:153
  46. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) was introduced in the late 1990s to improve the accuracy and efficiency of therapy and minimize radiation-induced toxicities. ART combines multiple tools for imaging, assessing the ...

    Authors: Hefei Liu, David Schaal, Heather Curry, Ryan Clark, Anthony Magliari, Patrick Kupelian, Deepak Khuntia and Sushil Beriwal
    Citation: Radiation Oncology 2023 18:144